Surgical Complications: What Can Go Wrong and How to Spot It

Going under the knife can feel scary, and it’s normal to wonder what might happen after the operation. While most surgeries go smoothly, a handful of issues can pop up. Knowing the usual suspects and how they show up lets you act fast and keep your recovery on track.

Typical Post‑Operative Risks You Should Know

Here are the most common problems patients see after a procedure:

• Infection: Redness, swelling, heat, or pus at the incision site, plus fever, are red flags.
• Bleeding: Excessive oozing, blood‑filled dressings, or a sudden drop in blood pressure signal trouble.
• Pain that gets worse: A little pain is expected, but sharp, increasing pain may mean something is wrong.
• Blood clots: Tight calf muscles, swelling, or a heavy‑feeling leg can point to a clot, especially after knee or hip surgery.
• Respiratory issues: Shortness of breath, rapid breathing, or a cough with colored sputum could indicate pneumonia.
• Organ injury: Though rare, nearby organs can be nicked. New abdominal pain, urinary problems, or loss of function need immediate attention.

Each of these signs may appear within hours or days after the operation. If you notice any, call your surgeon or go to the emergency department right away.

Practical Tips to Reduce and Manage Complications

Prevention is easier than treatment. Follow these simple steps to lower your risk:

1. Follow wound care instructions: Keep the incision clean, change dressings as advised, and avoid pulling or stretching the area.
2. Take prescribed antibiotics on schedule: Skipping doses can give germs a chance to grow.
3. Move early, if allowed: Light walking promotes blood flow and keeps clots at bay. Ask your physiotherapist what’s safe for you.
4. Stay hydrated: Fluids help your blood stay thin and your kidneys flush out waste.
5. Watch your diet: Protein supports healing, and fiber prevents constipation, which can strain stitches.
6. Use pain meds correctly: Take what’s prescribed, don’t wait until the pain is unbearable, and avoid mixing with alcohol.
7. Report anything unusual: Even a small change in temperature or mood can hint at infection or medication side effects.

If a complication does arise, most issues can be managed with prompt care. For infections, doctors may swap oral antibiotics for a stronger IV version. Bleeding often requires a quick check‑up to see if stitches need tightening. Blood clots are treated with blood‑thinners and sometimes compression stockings.

Remember, you’re not alone in this. Your surgical team wants you to heal well, and they’re ready to help if something goes off track. Keep a notebook of any symptoms, medication times, and questions you have – it makes phone calls to the clinic faster and more effective.

Bottom line: know the warning signs, stick to the care plan, and don’t hesitate to reach out when something feels off. A little vigilance now can save you a lot of trouble later, letting you get back to your normal life sooner.